Nelson Mandela - 1149 Words

Nelson Mandela’s Values It will be hard to believe if a person says â€Å"A man who served twenty seven years in prison, turned out to be one of the greatest presidents our world has seen†. Well this did actually happen and this former president is still living today. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Transkei, South Africa, he was a leader of the anti-apartheid movement in the 1940s. Mandela was jailed for 27 years for acts of sabotage against the South African state, and shortly after his release from prison he led a multi-racial party for the first time ever in South Africa’s history. By doing this he was elected as the first black/democratic president of South Africa. Throughout his years as a president he has been widely†¦show more content†¦Throughout his battle against apartheid and helping to bring democracy to South Africa, Mandela adopted a democratic leadership style (Johnson).And according to Johnson â€Å"Democratic leaders set policies through group discussion and decision, encouraging and helping group members to interact, requesting the cooperation of others† and this was exactly what Mandela did (Johnson). Mandela’s other key value that supported his leadership and democratic style was his strong disapproval for injustice. Mandela never tolerated injustice; he believed that justice was the only path to success. For instance, when Mandela got to Robin Island where he was to be imprisoned, he was told to jog to the prison gate. He firmly refused and started a hunger strike with other inmates to condemn the condition they were living in. This worked out in their favor and the conditions improved (Hume). This example highlights Mandela’s value for denouncing injustice and oppression. Nonetheless, Mandela believed Consensus to be the superior decision making process to build commitment and motivation in group members toward group objectives. Using Consensus meant that justice would be served at its best when making a decision and Mandela fully supported this process (Johnson). Ultimately, Nelson Mandela is viewed as a revolutionary leader for his ability to empower and motivate others using his strong regard for consensus and theShow MoreRelatedNelson Mandela1187 Words   |  5 Pagesis considered a cultural icon is Nelson Mandela; an individual who took a stand against apartheid in South Africa and established great strides toward racial equality in that part of the world. Mandela is considered as cultural icon because he achieved widespread recognition for his accomplishments with racial equality, he established a world-wide organization that researches possible cures for AIDS, and July eighteenth has been designated as international Mandela day. In 1908, the white minorityRead MoreNelson Mandela949 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela The life story of Nelson Mandela has long become a legend, a story that transcends race, borders, culture, or language. He is one of the greatest leaders to ever step foot on this Earth. He was willing to give up his own personal freedoms for the good of his people. Still, his decisions at major points in his lifetime hold lessons for individuals who are inspired of becoming good leaders. Many leaders are inspired by the actions and decision-makings abilities of Mandela. He kept theRead MoreNelson Mandela723 Words   |  3 Pages Nelson Mandela was a leader that has been fairly tried and convicted of complicity in many murders. His effort earned him his first suspended conviction under the suppression of communism act. Nelson Mandela, was a leader of the African national congress which was fighting apartheid, was accused of trying to overthrow the government, he was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison. The government freed Mandela after he had spent twenty-sev en years in prison and began to negotiationRead MoreThe Legacy Of Nelson Mandela893 Words   |  4 Pagesas a unified population. Nelson Mandela was a key figure of someone who wanted equal rights and would do whatever it takes to achieve that goal. The South African people initially did not have any decision on politics, where they lived, occupation, and etc. Nelson Mandela, who was a part of this South African population, followed his beliefs to eventually change these laws for his people. Even Nelson did not have the full rights as a human, but that never stopped him. Nelson and his people wanted theRead MoreNelson Mandela Hero1366 Words   |  6 Pages Many people have heard of Nelson Mandela, but what makes him such an important figure? How has he influenced South Africa and the world? Nelson Mandela’s history can clearly tell the tale of heroism. South Africa suffered under apartheid from 1948 until 1994 where Nelson Mandela was elected the first black president of So uth Africa. For 46 years, laws of racial discrimination and oppression flooded the land, and police brutality and tensions between the people increased, but it all came to an endRead MoreThe Legacy Of Nelson Mandela1647 Words   |  7 Pages however the man who arguably contributed the most, was Nelson Mandela. He ended an apartheid, with both his philanthropy and political prowess. He united a nation that used to be segregated; which seemed a daunting task at the time, but through the sweat and bloodshed he achieved the impossible. This alone exhibited his heroic characteristics, but to be more precise: both his actions and inactions lead to his success. Furthermore, Mandela was both a strong leader and forgiving at the same-time.Read MoreThe Bravery of Nelson Mandela1431 Words   |  6 Pageslife is free or arrives without trying. In alignment to be brave, a person should have courageous, persistent, and honest Nelson Mandela, the previous leader of South Africa, did not choose to take an easy walk to flexibility. Mandela is highly regarded all through the phrase for his integrity, courage, and dignity to be able to help his people in South Africa. Nelson Mandela is well renowned in his homeland as a champion for his bravery to stand for what he believed was right, and endured yearsRead More NELSON MANDELA Essays619 Words   |  3 Pages Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela is an African American leader who fought for the rights of his people. Through trials and tribulations he stood his ground and kept on fighting. Nelson was a born leader and utilized his talents at an early age. When he was younger he used to take care of his family and make sure everything went right through all the injustice that society bestowed onto his people. Throughout his life Nelson Mandela watched as his people were mistreated and with this in mind he decidedRead MoreEssay on Nelson Mandela777 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela A transformationals Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla, South Africas first black president. Mandela was widely revered by blacks throughout Africa as a symbol of black liberation. He gained almost legendary status through the 1980s as South Africas leading antiapartheid figure, assuming the forefront of the black struggle after his release from prison. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born July 18, 1918 near Umtata in Transkei, in the Eastern Cape, into the royal family of the TembuRead MoreNelson Mandela Biography659 Words   |  3 Pagesexcept for Nelson Mandela, who was sent to jail just for asking that his rights be given to him and his fellow blacks. He spent 27 years doing hard labor but still continued to fight for his rights until he became the president of South Africa. Recently, however, he passed away at the age of ninety-five. This is just a mere reason why I chose him and also to show the influence of paper, ink and some unjust facts in the world. On the 18th of July, 1918, Rolihlahla Mandela, later on called Nelson, was born

Marketing Mix - 3790 Words

Marketing Submitted by: Razi Ahmed Rathore 00207197 Submitted to: Mr Coker Table of Contents Task 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....3 1.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 1.2 Marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 1.3 Concept of marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 1.4 What are customers needs and wants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 1.5 Cost of marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 1.6 Advantages of Marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Task 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....7 2.1 Micro Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 2.2 Macro†¦show more content†¦Businesses do not create customer needs or the social status in which customer needs are influenced. It is not McDonalds that makes people hungry. However, businesses do try to influence demand by designing products and services that are †¢ Attractive †¢ Work well †¢ Affordable †¢ Available Businesses also try to communicate the relevant features of their products through advertising and other marketing promotion. 1.5 Cost of Marketing: Many small business owners disregard marketing because they feel it is too expensive or it is only for large companies. Marketing consists of a lot of different elements some of little or no costs and some with some substantial costs. There are several ways, which are used by Tesco and includes cost. †¢ Tv Commercials †¢ Newspapers †¢ Magazines †¢ Leaflet †¢ Billboards These are the modes of marketing which tesco uses for marketing purposes and it incurs huge cost. 1.6 Advantages Of Marketing Orientation: Marketing has different advantages in business sector. It plays a crucial role in the business development. But some of them are explained below. Increase in market share: It is marketing through which companies get the increment in market share. Through marketing companies advertise there upcoming projects. These project makes attracts customersShow MoreRelatedHolden Marketing Mix1768 Words   |  8 PagesAssessment 2 Marketing mix Review and Recommendations Report My brand is V6 Holden Commodore Short review about Holden in Australia;- The history of Holden dates back to 1856 when it started as a saddler business in South Australia. Today Holden is one of only seven fully-integrated global General Motors operations that designs, builds and sells vehicles for Australia and the world. Holden has its headquarters in Port Melbourne, with an engine manufacturing plant on-site and vehicle manufacturingRead MoreMarketing Mix1491 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Mix MKT 421 Marketing Introduction Companies today try their best to continue to keep up with the changes of services, products and technology. Companies rely on their abilities in marketing to keep consumers interested in their products and services. The success of a company may rely on the company’s marketing performance. Marketing planning starts by thinking of the targeted audience needs, strategies, and the development of the products and or service needed. DevelopingRead MoreThe Marketing Mix Hard Rock Cafe1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe Marketing Mix Place The marketing mix consists in total of 4 elements (Product,Price, Place, Promotion) which are often referred to as ‘the four Ps’. One of those four Ps is â€Å"Place†: Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel through which goods and/or services are moved from the manufacturer/service provider to the user or consumer. It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the Internet. In ourRead MoreMarketing Mix For The Evergreen Aquatic Centre2118 Words   |  9 Pages Assessment Task 2: Project-Determine the marketing mix Marketing Mix The marketing mix for the Evergreen Aquatic Centre will engage the four elements of marketing as follows: Product or Facility Recipients of the facility Evergreen Forest is a small community encompassing just under 1010 square miles. The estimated current population is 11010. Evergreen Aquatic Centre offers internationally recognised state of the art aquatic facilities to suit every person’s demands. Going from proficient practiceRead MoreMarketing Mix and Pestle Analysis of Mcdonalds in India3095 Words   |  13 Pagespolicies and rule according to the situation in the respective country of operation have helped in their success and thus making the customers â€Å"LOVING IT† Marketing Mix and Strategic decision making of McDonald    In this section we will discuss the marketing mix of Mc Donald and the strategies adopted by the company to counter the competition.    Marketing can be explained as the process in which a product or service is developed and then the price is calculated after evaluating all the related aspectsRead MoreMkt421 Marketing Mix1094 Words   |  5 Pagesof Phoenix MKT421 - Marketing Mix The marketing mix is comprised of four basic marketing strategies. The four strategies, which include product, place, price, and promotion, involve the decisions that a business must make to succeed. The marketing mix is reliant on how clear and defined the business’ target market is and how well the company directs the strategies towards its targeted market (Glenco McGraw-Hill, 3rd Edition). This paper will further define marketing mix, the four strategiesRead MoreMarketing Mix Essays2988 Words   |  12 PagesThe Channels of Distribution The products and the services are distributed electronically, where the costumers can buy online on the website or in stores located across Australia. 5 – Braaap’s potencial customer base and key pressure Before marketing your products and services it is important to define your customer base or target market. Braaap’s clients are people who love motorcycles whatever if it is professionally or just a sport on free time. There is a huge difference of ages between theRead MoreGeneric Marketing : Determine The Marketing Mix Essay1771 Words   |  8 Pages– 2935 Generic Marketing – Determine the Marketing mix Name – Pritpal Singh ID Number – A8947 SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Pritpal Singh A8947 ER - 1.1 (a) The elements of the marketing mix adopted by theRead MoreMarketing Mix Of Gionee Smartphones1204 Words   |  5 Pages Marketing Mix Analysis of Gionee Smartphones Kashyap Pd. Marahatta BUS 510 Marketing Management Professor: Dr. Geraldine Goodstone Mr. Krishna Khanal Westcliff University 25/09/2016 â€Æ' Abstract This paper intends to briefly analyze the marketing mix of Gionee smartphones. Despite the many changes that marketing mix has gone through, from four Ps to four As or from four Ps to four Cs, the marketing mix basically consists of product mix, price mix, promotion mix and place mix. This paper wouldRead MoreMarketing Mix - 4Ps of Marketing Mix1219 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing mix can be describes as the use and specification of the 4 Ps describing the strategic position of a product in the marketplace†¦ A prominent person to take centre stage was E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960; he proposed a four-P classification which was popularized. (wikipedia.com) The marketing mix approach to marketing is a model of creating and implementing market strategies. The marketing mix stresses the mixing of different factors in a way that both organizational and consumer or target

The Challenge Facing Managed Care Organizations Free Essays

The greatest challenge for managed care organizations (MCOs) in our current time is how to obtain lower priced medical fees. As we all know, American health care should essentially be a nonprofit enterprise. However, the privatization of American health care holds that health care in general and hospitals in particular are increasingly operating on a for-profit basis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Challenge Facing Managed Care Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, the for-profit hospital sector has accounted for a relatively constant share (about 15 percent) of hospital beds over the last twenty years (Morrisson, 1999). This is why recently the U.S. Congress tries to push more â€Å"consumer-directed† health plan options to avoid cash-strapped managed care organizations (MCOs) to boost their deductibles, raise premiums and even defy federal law by authorizing policy holders to buy prescription drugs from low-cost vendors in Canada (Smith, 23 September 2004). Managed care organizations (MCOs) often apply the traditional fee-for-service models, which do not provide adequate financial controls and utilization incentives for physicians and hospitals to contain the costs of providing healthcare. Under managed care, the needs of the patients are balanced with efforts to provide cost-effective care. Typically, MCOs enroll subscribers by promising to provide all necessary medical care in exchange for a fixed monthly premium. The MCO also contracts with hospitals, physicians, and other healthcare providers to dispense the necessary medical care to its enrollees at a discounted reimbursement rate. In exchange for accepting reduced fees, the caregivers gain access to the MCO’s enrolees (Kirby, Sebastian Hornberger, 1998). A problem with managed care is that employers who offer a health maintenance organization (HMO) to their employees often pay the premium as long as the HMO premium was not higher than the fee-for-service premium. This behavior by employers creates distorted incentives for the HMO in controlling its costs. Enthoven (1993) suggested that this incentive distortion can be corrected when employers design better alternatives for their employer contributions. The employer could contribute a fixed-dollar amount for health insurance with the employee paying the full difference between plans. The greater the portion of the marginal premium paid by the employees is, the stronger the incentive is to choose lower-cost plans. For example, if the employer pays 80 percent of the premium and the employee pays the remainder, then the employee pays only 20 percent of the difference between the low (let’s presume here) HMO premium and the higher fee-for-service premium. HMOs and other managed care arrangements are organized on a prepayment basis that appear in a wide variety of forms. An HMO could hire physicians on a salary, contract with a preexisting group practice of physicians, or contract with physicians who maintain a fee-for-service practice. According to Luft (1991), â€Å"Because specific social, legal, historical, political, and economic aspects of the medical care environment have shaped delivery systems such as the HMO, it is not reasonable to expect that the typical HMO could be transplanted intact to another country† (p. 173). The key to HMO cost savings is the organization’s wide range of medical services, both inpatient and outpatient. In this way, the HMO can receive the cost savings implied by reduced hospital use. This may be difficult to manage in systems where there are separate financing mechanisms for primary care physicians and inpatient care. As Luft (1991, p. 180) remarks. â€Å"If there were no way to shift funds from the ‘hospital side’ to the ‘physician side,’ it would be difficult to reward clinical decision makers for the development of more cost-effective practice styles.† This is why three areas appear to offer a magnitude of opportunities where MCOs can assist patients, these are ambulatory care, mental health and the alternative therapies. Firstly, ambulatory care-sensitive conditions reflect the quality and availability of primary care services, since they are readily treatable without the need for hospitalization. There are differences in the hospitalization rate for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Shenkman et al. (2005) had indicated that specialty ambulatory care is important for many children with chronic conditions. However, access to such care may be constrained within managed care environments. The use of primary care providers (PCPs) as gatekeepers for managed care organizations (MCOs) is one commonly used strategy to control specialty care use. Studies of the impact of gatekeeping on children’s receipt of specialty care have resulted in mixed findings. Some studies found more specialty care use in gatekeeping MCOs, compared with non-gatekeeping MCOs. Other researchers found that the replacement of a gatekeeping system with an open-access model increased specialty visits among a group of children with chronic conditions. Although the focus on gatekeeping in general yields some important information, MCOs use many other strategies concomitantly with their PCP gatekeepers, such as capitated payments, financial incentives, and prior authorization procedures. The use of these concomitant strategies may meet the unique needs of children with chronic conditions, including their need for specialty physician care. On the other hand, managed care had been significant contributor on delivery systems for mental health services. Taylor et al. (2001) had indicated that direct and indirect persuasion to provide more cost-effective treatments has been one consequence. The cost-saving qualities and the effectiveness of group interventions have produced clear expectations for an increased use of therapy groups. In the research of Taylor et al. (2001), they compared perceptions and uses of group treatments on a national sample of managed care organizations and mental health providers. Implications of differences and similarities between directors of managed care organizations and treatment providers are examined and discussed across five response categories (familiarity/training perceived effectiveness, likelihood of reimbursement/referral, daily use and expectation for future use). Taylor et al (2001) favored the approach where MCOs calibrate treatment referral/reimbursement decisions. Recently published comparison outcome studies and meta-analyses can and should empirically guide the present treatment delivering systems. Lastly, many managed care organizations have already begun to integrate complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) with conventional medical providers. Medical practitioners are obligated to assess CAM therapy with patients. Alternative therapies require professionals to rethink staff competency, patient assessment, and patient-focused care. Medical leaders must understand CAM trends and therapies to better integrate these concepts into health care policy, standards of care, and ethical decisions (Parkman, 2001). Among ambulatory care and mental health care, alternative therapies, or CAM, offers the most favorable and cost-efficient strategy for MCOs. This is because the aging â€Å"baby boom† generation is beginning to experience chronic but non-life threatening conditions, such as joint pain, headaches and menopause-related complaints and they are willing to explore options other than prescription drugs. For health plans, the attraction of offering alternative care products lies in retaining and attracting new members, diversifying their services from competitors in a congested managed care market and in attempts to address current or proposed state mandates (West, 1997). In 1997 alone, expenses for professional services were $21.2 billion, a 45% increase over the earlier 1990 data. Expenses for professional services, herbals, vitamins, diet products, books, and classes totaled $27 billion. Five surveys conducted since 1990 have reported frequent use of CAM, ranging from 30% to 73% by patients suffering from conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, HIV and AIDS, multiple sclerosis, and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Furthermore, the demand for CAM by the general public is increasing, despite the fact that its use is largely paid by consumers without coverage by third-party payers. In 1997, Americans spent an estimated $13 billion for visits to CAM providers and an additional $2 billion for commercial diet supplements and over-the-counter megavitamins (Pelletier Astin, 2002). Managed care should not only focus on cost savings, but they should also look into diversifying their services. MCOs have generally contributed to the decline in the U.S. health cost growth rate. Their potential will continue to be limited to the extent that employers fail to offer true financial advantages to consumers who choose the low-cost health plans. Thus, more reforms in the policies should be reviewed and revised so that more people could benefit from the quality health care everyone deserves. References Enthoven, A.C. (1993). The History and Principles of Managed Competition. Health Affairs, supplement, 24-48. Kirby, E.G., Sebastian, J.G. and Hornberger, K.D. (1998, Jan/Feb). The Effect of Normative Social forces on Managed Care Organizations: Implications for Strategic management/Practitioner Response. Journal of Healthcare Management. 43(1):81-106. Luft, H. (1991). Translating the U.S. HMO Experience to Other Health System. Health Affairs 10:172-186. Morrison, I. (1999). Health Care in the New Millennium. NY: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Parkman, C. (2001, February). Alternative Therapies Are Here to Stay. Nursing Management, 32(2): 36-40. Pelletier, K.R. and Astin, J.A. (2002, Jan/Feb). Integration and Reimbursement of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Managed Care and Insurance Providers: 2000 Update and Cohort Analysis. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 8(1): 38-44. Shenkman, E., Tian, L. and Schatz, D. (2005, June). Managed Care Organization Characteristics and Outpatient Specialty Care Use Among Children With Chronic Illness. Pediatrics, 115(6): 1547-1555. Smith, C. (2004, Spetember 23). Senate Panel Examines Health Care Choices, Insurance Costs. Knight Ridder Tribune. Taylor, N.T., Burlingame, G.M., Kristensen, K.B., Fuhriman, A. et al. (2001, April). A Survey of Mental Health Care Provider’s and Managed Care Organization Attitudes Toward, Familiarity With, and Use of Group Interventions. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 51(2): 243-264. West, D. (1997, November 10). MCOs Integrating Alternative Care. National Underwriter, 101(45): 58.    How to cite The Challenge Facing Managed Care Organizations, Essay examples

Strategic Management of Woolworth Shop in Australia Free-Sample

Question: Choose a Company and Critically Analyse its Current Marketing Strategies and Market Performance. Consider the Companys Positon against its Main Competitor and Discuss the Successes and Failures of this Selected Company and its Marketing approach in Competing in this Marketplace. Answer: Introduction Woolworth, which is colloquially identified as Woolies, is considered as one of the most successful retail shops of Australia. The reputation of the organization is becoming stable due to the services and remarkable products provided by the organization. The organization is working from past many years and also possesses its various outlets in the nearest areas of Australia. The first store of Woolworth was laid down in Sydney. The achievement of the organization is remarkable and after that, their various other stores opened in the nearby areas. In a week around, nearly 28 million customers are visiting to the retail stores. These stores are successful in delivering the most promising products to the customers. Apart from this, the organization also possesses some factors related to the improvements. There are various competitors of the organization, who are giving then a very tough competition. The report shown below mainly covers the situational analysis and g mix related to the o rganization. In the formal report, the topics that are covered are shown below: The situational analysis is the section in which the current situation of the organization can be identified. The current market strategy and the performance related to the organization can be identified with the help of this section. The comparative study of marketing mix in contrast to other organizations are also identified with the help of the report defined below. The discussion related to the success and failure defines the major aspects in context to the organization. The report ends with a suitable conclusion along with the recommendations. Situational Analysis The situational analysis is considered as one of the major factor which helps the managers to identify the internal and external factors in the context of the organization. The situational analysis also helps in defining various growth factors for an organization. For managing the growth in a definite manner, some specific agendas related to the marketing are essential to be discussed. To define the situational analysis, the points which are covered are shown below (Wood, 2010). The current market strategies and market performance of the organization are identified as the major points which needs to be discussed in reference to the current market scenario. Current market Staretgies of Organization By performing a suitable analysis of the organization, it is considered that Woolworth is having a smooth marketing strategy which can be changed according to the current scenario. The organization doesnt focus on a single strategy. There are various marketing frames, which can be adjusted according to the current demand related to the market. The marketing strategy of the organization is divided into definite types, which are identified as the long term and short term marketing strategy. The short term marketing strategy mainly focuses on the products and services that are being provided to the customers. The short term strategy will also provide various aspects of providing nutritious and tastier products to the customers. There are various outlets which are opened on an international level (Ferrell, et al., 2014). Apart from this, the long term objectives are related to managing the employment opportunity for Australian. The promotion to sell organic food and contributing with 31% of market share is identified as one of the basic aspects which can assist in providing suitable market strategy for the organization. Currently, recent marketing strategies related to the organization are defined below: - The internal management or forces related to the organization are very strong and manageable. The organization currently provides facility of the reward system to its customers. According to this system, the points system is introduced in the organization. This may aid in introducing the concept of discounts too. The customers can easily attract towards the offers provided by the organization. This factor also acts as an improvement actor for the organization too (Uddin, 2012). The second arrangement is related to the external management. Through external sources, the management is suitable in providing definite guidelines to the customers. The expansion of the franchises in different areas of the country is a live example. Due to this expansion of the organization, the profit ratio will get increase with a rapid rate. Woolworth is identified as one of the organizations which is famous for selling the products at low cost. The marginal products and products with nominal rates are sold with a rapid speed. This will help in providing better facilities to the customers. Various promotional factors and advances approach towards selling the products are also identified as one of the additional aspect in context to the organization. Market Performance of Organization The study reveals that the current market performance of the organization is outstanding. The products like packed and canned products, dairy and milk products and products related to daily needs are liked by the customers on a definite level. Due to the different type of approaches and promotional strategy, the organization is successful in delivering the best services to the customers. Woolworth possesses the segmentation approach. Due to the help of this approach, the different options are provided to the customers, so that they can select the best aspect for them on a regular basis. Apart from this, being a successful team player, the organization also provides various discounts to the customers, which may aid in providing them assistance (Emerson-Drake, 2012). Marketing mix strategy Marketing mix strategy is identified as one of the major strategy which may help in defining the consumers requirement and targeted approach in a broad sense. The marketing mix is mainly formed from combination of 4ps. These Ps are considered as the people, place, price and promotion. There are various competitors of the Woolworth, who are giving very tough competition to the organization in different modes (Business Review Australia, 2014). But, here Coles is selected for the discussion. The tools related to the marketing mix are helpful in providing suitable assistance for generating the better approach to the market (Keith, 2012). The tabular structure for the marketing mix with the competitive organization is defined below: - Marketing PS Woolworth Coles Product The organization has categorized the products into two parts which are identified as the consumer product and the business products (Haymarket Media Group, 2011). The basic product selling strategy of the organization is designed according to the need of the consumers. For managing the products, different criteria are defined. The name of products are core, actual and augmented (Langley, 2015). The categorization of the product is totally different in comparison to the Woolworth. The organization also offers liquor, beef and baby products for sale. Price As other organizations are fluctuating the pricing policy, Woolworth possesses a constant pricing policy. According to nearest areas, the pricing policy is increasing continuously (Ferrell, et al., 2014). The organization adapts different policies related to the improvement of the organization. These strategies are penetration, skimming, competition, product line and many others. The Coles is identified as the cost leader. Various discounts are being offered to the customers, but only on the weekend basis (Sunday Bayode, 2011). Promotion For marketing, the firm uses maximum tools for the promotion. This will help in providing suitable assistance to the organization. Some of the specific tools for promotion are identified as the direct marketing, selling products, social media and advertising. The promotional strategy of the organization is very simple. To mange the defining aspect, the publicity is done with the help of advertisements, pamphlets and online process. Place Woolworths places its stores in the area where the reachability of the common people is identified. Being the supermarket chain, Woolworths is expanding its small stores too, so that the products related to the daily needs can be managed by the consumers. In numbers, there are at least 2300 stores that are distributed on a wide range across Australia, but Coles lacks in providing small outlets or stores for the reachability (Dunford Palmer, 2012). Success and Failure of organization Though the organization is considered as the top most market players and have its own identity in definite circle, but the organization is still facing some sort of failure and success in an appropriate form. There are various aspects due to which success and failure is being noticed in the organization. Some of the specific types of success and failure of the organization are mentioned in the market. These successes and failures are defined below in the print format. On the part of success, the organization can able to improve and on the part of failure, the improvements are still required. This will also help in framing the actual structure of the organization. Success of the organization The organization follows a definite pattern of strategy for the market and stability in a competitive environment is also considered in the definite mode. It may also help in defining the success of the organization in a structured form. The technical aspects of the organization are very strong. The Woolworth is considered as the first organization which is adopting the technical perspectives to be stable in the market. The GEMMNET is the stable technical concept of organization. The organization also possesses specific brand value and suitable reputation which may help in providing suitable assistance to the products. To be stable in the market, the Woolworth is also providing a wide range of food products, which may aid in managing the image of the products in the market (Company Report, 2007). Apart from this, the organization is also successful in providing different types of food stuff and material to all the age groups. This will help in increasing the sale of the products in markets. The location and situation of the outlet are also defined as per the sale of production in the market. Failure of the organization As it is defined in the paragraphs above that there are some success factors which make as the brand image of the organization. But apart from this, there are some failure aspects too due to which the organization faces issues which are shown below: The global presences are negligible in comparison to the persistent competitors. The local market is completely acquired by the organization, but on an international level, the organization lacks in providing the definite identity (Wood, 2010). The planning and strategic approach towards the competitive market also lacks. To make the sustainability, the approaches should be changed accordingly. The organization lacks in selling the online products on a wide level. The late entry of the organization in the market is also identified as the failure of the organization (Woolworths Limited, 2012). To manage the success and failure in a definite manner, the defined set of recommendations will be provided to the organization. This will help in making the survival possible. Recommendations On the behalf of a suitable set of information provided above, some of the common recommendations are defined on definite level. They are defined below: - The strategy should be planned in a definite manner. It is essential for the organization to prepare the suitable research, before entering into the global market. The identification of competitors should be identified at an initial level. By this, the planning can be done in a strategic manner (Paulson, 2015). The organization has to focus more on an international expansion. This change will be help in bringing a suitable change in an organization. Apart from this, there are various recommendations mentioned for improvement (Arli, 2013). Conclusion The report shown above is successful in delivering the specific marketing mix related to Woolworths. There are various success and failures related to the organization which are identified. This will aid in improving the existing position of the organization in the local market. The improvement is required in the organization on an international level. Apart from this, the situational analysis also helps in framing the basic developmental aspects related to the organization. The comparative analysis is also proved as an additional aspect for the improvement of the organization. References Arli, V., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart us: best practices in supply chain collaboration. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 16(1), p. 27 46. Business Review Australia, 2014. 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